fail2ban¶

Install¶

Install with your package manager.

apt install -y fail2ban

Verify

fail2ban-client --version

Configuration¶

Configure fail2ban to ban after several unsuccessful SSH connections attemps.

vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf

Uncomment/add the following entry for sshd:

[sshd]
enabled = true
maxretry =  5
findtime = 10
bantime = 4h

Restart the fail2ban daemon.

sudo systemctl restart fail2ban

Test that the configuration worked. Use a throwaway machine to try connecting to the host unsuccessfully 6 times.

for i in {1..6}; do ssh user@fail2ban-host; done  # Spam enter

If successful, you will need to ^C the process.
Then go back to the host with fail2ban on it and check the logs.

tail -n 20 /var/log/fail2ban.log

You should see the unsuccessful attempts and the ban.

Check the banned IP:

fail2ban-client get sshd banned

This will show a list of IPs that are banned (from SSH).

Unbanning an IP¶

The fail2ban-client command is provided to configure and control the fail2ban server.

We can use this to unban an IP.

fail2ban-client set sshd unbanip <banned_IP>

Replace the <banned_IP> with the IP you want to unban.

It should output 1 if successful.

Test:

fail2ban-client get sshd banned

Integraging with Loki/Promtail¶

The fail2ban tool can be integrated with logging tools.

For example, using Grafana (visualizations) with Loki and Telegraf.

Install the tools (Grafana, Loki, Promtail) -- see installing monitoring tools

In your Promtail config, add a rule for scraping and pushing fail2ban logs.

- job_name: fail2ban
  static_configs:

  - targets:
      - localhost
    labels:
      job: fail2ban
      __path__: /var/log/fail2ban.log

Setting up Alerts with Telegraf, InfluxDB, and Grafana¶

# Install InfluxDB
wget -q https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdata-archive_compat.key
echo '393e8779c89ac8d958f81f942f9ad7fb82a25e133faddaf92e15b16e6ac9ce4c influxdata-archive_compat.key' | sha256sum -c && cat influxdata-archive_compat.key | gpg --dearmor | tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/influxdata-archive_compat.gpg > /dev/null
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/influxdata-archive_compat.gpg] https://repos.influxdata.com/debian stable main' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdata.list

apt-get update && apt-get -y install influxdb2
systemctl enable --now influxdb

Connect to the influxdb endpoint (http://localhost:8086) and set up a bucket.

Add:

Username
password
Organization name
Bucket name

The bucket name is what you'll use in your queries.

a238XZQivdW16OBDdrk3YS7zeoTCUQvThq0YuHry4VW8JKcLoxKW-c9VqwOcU1nQ_7b1320wY51o1R8QJSEGLg==